Detecting Long Distance Conditional Correlations Between Anatomical Regions Using Gaussian Graphical Models

International audienceThe conditional correlation patterns of an anatomical shape may provide some important information on the structure of this shape. We propose to investigate these patterns by Gaussian Graphical Modelling. We design a model which takes into account both local and long-distance dependencies. We provide an algorithm which estimates sparse long-distance conditional correlations, highlighting the most significant ones. The selection procedure is based on a criterion which quantifies the quality of the conditional correlation graph in terms of prediction. The preliminary results on AD versus control population show noticeable differences

L'accessibilité des interfaces informatiques riches pour les déficients visuels

Visually impaired people face many difficulties when navigating on the web with a screen reader, especially as web interfaces become increasingly rich because of theirdynamic interactions and their informational density and diversity. This thesis compares two approaches to accessibility: the current approach called "exhaustive" which aims toensure normative accessibility - guaranteeing access to information through the application of standards - and the approach called "holistic" which aims to ensure bothnormative and effective accessibility - guaranteeing the usability of the interface - by taking into account the context of its use (difficulties, strategies, needs, etc.).The first 2 studies analysed the activity of visually impaired users resulted in a model of the web navigation of these users. This model allows for designing interfaces followingthe holistic approach by taking into account their needs, especially the filtering of irrelevant and redundant information. In 3 experiments, visually impaired users performedtasks in two versions of websites: a version based on the holistic approach that gives access directly to content associated with the user’s action and a version using theexhaustive approach that transcribes exhaustively all the information present on the screen. The results show substantial benefit provided by the holistic version as regards thecognitive load and the usability of the interface according to 3 criteria: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Thus, this thesis provides cogent arguments promoting theholistic approach in order to guide the design of interfaces and the development of assistance solutions for screen reader users.Les déficients visuels rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés lors de leur navigation web avec un lecteur d’écran, d’autant plus que les interfaces web deviennent de plus enplus riches de par leurs interactions et leur densité et diversité informationnelles. Cette thèse confronte ainsi 2 approches de l’accessibilité : l’approche dite « exhaustive » quivise à assurer l’accessibilité normative - garantissant l’accès à l’information par l’application de normes - et l’approche dite « holistique » qui vise à assurer l’accessibiliténormative mais également l’accessibilité effective - garantissant l’utilisabilité de l’interface - par la prise en compte du contexte d’utilisation des utilisateurs.Les 2 premières études ont analysé l’activité des utilisateurs déficients visuels qui a donné lieu à un modèle de la navigation web de ces utilisateurs. Ce modèle permet deconcevoir une interface suivant l’approche holistique par la prise en compte de leurs besoins, notamment celui de filtrage des informations non pertinentes et redondantes. Lorsde 3 expérimentations, les déficients visuels ont été confrontés à l'approche exhaustive par la retranscription exhaustive des informations et à l'approche holistique par l’accèsdirect au contenu associé à l’action réalisée. Les résultats montrent le bénéfice substantiel apporté par la version holistique concernant l’allègement de la charge cognitive etl’utilisabilité de l’interface selon les 3 critères : efficacité, efficience et satisfaction. Ainsi, cette thèse fournit des arguments probants pour promouvoir l’approche holistique pourguider la conception d’interfaces et l’élaboration de solutions d’assistance pour cette population

Decrease in Fas-induced apoptosis by the γ-secretase inhibitor is dependent on p75(NTR) in a glioblastoma cell line.

International audiencep75(NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, plays a key role in numerous physiological processes, including cell survival or apoptosis. Yet, the associated signaling pathways remain poorly understood. Similar to Notch, γ-secretase cleavage is implicated in the p75(NTR) signaling pathway leading to nuclear translocation of the intracellular domain and cell death. Fas receptor activation was found to promote cell death apoptosis in several cell lines. The goal of this study was to determine the respective role of p75(NTR) and Notch in the resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis in the U-87 MG glioblastoma cell line. Using the γ-secretase inhibitor, we investigated the modulation of Fas-induced apoptosis dependent on p75(NTR)-Fas receptor interaction. Whereas the U-87 MG cells expressed the Fas receptor at the cell membrane, apoptosis induced by Fas activation was decreased by the γ-secretase inhibitor. These data suggest that γ-secretase is implicated in p75(NTR) and Fas interaction leading to cell death signaling

Empowering Caregivers To Customizing The Assistive Computing Support of Older Adults - An End-User Domain-Specific Approach

International audienceSmart homes are a promising infrastructure to support assistive services that can prolong independent living of older adults. However, smart homes are mostly developed using a technology-centered approach, raising challenges for users to comprehend the purpose of smart home services and anticipate their behavior. These challenges are more acute when services are to be deployed in homes of older adults, preventing the expert knowledge of their caregivers to be leveraged. This paper presents a user study that assesses the comprehensibility of an end-user language, named Maloya, dedicated to developing assistive services. Participants (9 professional caregivers) are presented with services written in Maloya and must determine whether they detect scenarios of daily living. Our results show that Maloya is well-understood by participants; they successfully determine whether a service detects a scenario (success rate of 94%) and substantiate their answers with consistent explanations. As such, Maloya should be effective in empowering caregivers to select appropriate services for their care-receivers and to accurately anticipate the service behavior

"Hey Model!" -- Natural User Interactions and Agency in Accessible Interactive 3D Models

While developments in 3D printing have opened up opportunities for improved access to graphical information for people who are blind or have low vision (BLV), they can provide only limited detailed and contextual information. Interactive 3D printed models (I3Ms) that provide audio labels and/or a conversational agent interface potentially overcome this limitation. We conducted a Wizard-of-Oz exploratory study to uncover the multi-modal interaction techniques that BLV people would like to use when exploring I3Ms, and investigated their attitudes towards different levels of model agency. These findings informed the creation of an I3M prototype of the solar system. A second user study with this model revealed a hierarchy of interaction, with BLV users preferring tactile exploration, followed by touch gestures to trigger audio labels, and then natural language to fill in knowledge gaps and confirm understanding.Comment: Paper presented at ACM CHI 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, New York, April 2020; Replacement: typos correcte

MxCuBE: a synchrotron beamline control environment customized for macromolecular crystallography experiments

MxCuBE is a beamline control environment optimized for the needs of macromolecular crystallography. This paper describes the design of the software and the features that MxCuBE currently provides

Dysregulation of Ribosome Biogenesis and Translational Capacity Is Associated with Tumor Progression of Human Breast Cancer Cells

Protein synthesis is a fundamental cell process and ribosomes - particularly through the ribosomal RNA that display ribozyme activity - are the main effectors of this process. Ribosome biogenesis is a very complex process involving transcriptional a

The accessibility of rich computer interfaces for visually impaired people

Les déficients visuels rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés lors de leur navigation web avec un lecteur d’écran, d’autant plus que les interfaces web deviennent de plus enplus riches de par leurs interactions et leur densité et diversité informationnelles. Cette thèse confronte ainsi 2 approches de l’accessibilité : l’approche dite « exhaustive » quivise à assurer l’accessibilité normative - garantissant l’accès à l’information par l’application de normes - et l’approche dite « holistique » qui vise à assurer l’accessibiliténormative mais également l’accessibilité effective - garantissant l’utilisabilité de l’interface - par la prise en compte du contexte d’utilisation des utilisateurs.Les 2 premières études ont analysé l’activité des utilisateurs déficients visuels qui a donné lieu à un modèle de la navigation web de ces utilisateurs. Ce modèle permet deconcevoir une interface suivant l’approche holistique par la prise en compte de leurs besoins, notamment celui de filtrage des informations non pertinentes et redondantes. Lorsde 3 expérimentations, les déficients visuels ont été confrontés à l'approche exhaustive par la retranscription exhaustive des informations et à l'approche holistique par l’accèsdirect au contenu associé à l’action réalisée. Les résultats montrent le bénéfice substantiel apporté par la version holistique concernant l’allègement de la charge cognitive etl’utilisabilité de l’interface selon les 3 critères : efficacité, efficience et satisfaction. Ainsi, cette thèse fournit des arguments probants pour promouvoir l’approche holistique pourguider la conception d’interfaces et l’élaboration de solutions d’assistance pour cette population.Visually impaired people face many difficulties when navigating on the web with a screen reader, especially as web interfaces become increasingly rich because of theirdynamic interactions and their informational density and diversity. This thesis compares two approaches to accessibility: the current approach called "exhaustive" which aims toensure normative accessibility - guaranteeing access to information through the application of standards - and the approach called "holistic" which aims to ensure bothnormative and effective accessibility - guaranteeing the usability of the interface - by taking into account the context of its use (difficulties, strategies, needs, etc.).The first 2 studies analysed the activity of visually impaired users resulted in a model of the web navigation of these users. This model allows for designing interfaces followingthe holistic approach by taking into account their needs, especially the filtering of irrelevant and redundant information. In 3 experiments, visually impaired users performedtasks in two versions of websites: a version based on the holistic approach that gives access directly to content associated with the user’s action and a version using theexhaustive approach that transcribes exhaustively all the information present on the screen. The results show substantial benefit provided by the holistic version as regards thecognitive load and the usability of the interface according to 3 criteria: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Thus, this thesis provides cogent arguments promoting theholistic approach in order to guide the design of interfaces and the development of assistance solutions for screen reader users

Prise en charge des adolescents en souffrance psychique par le médecin traitant

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF